Size Optimization of a hybrid PV/Fuel Cell Grid-Connected Power System Integrating Hydrogen Storage
Abstract
This paper describes the size optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell grid-linked power system integrating hydrogen storage. The overall objective was the optimal sizing of a hybrid power system to satisfy the load demand of a university laboratory with an unreliable grid, low energy cost, and minimal carbon emissions. The aim is to shift from a grid-linked diesel power system to a clean and sustainable energy system. The optimum design architecture was established by adopting the energy-balance methods of HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewables). Analysis of hourly simulations was performed to decide the optimal size, cost, and performance of the hybrid system, using 22-year monthly averaged solar radiation data collected for Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (Lat. 6˚44.3ʹN, Long. 6˚4.8ʹE). The results showed that a hybrid system comprising a 54.7kW photovoltaic array, 7kW fuel cell system, 14kW power inverter, and 3kW electrolyzer with 8kg hydrogen storage tank, can sustainably augment the erratic grid with a very high renewable fraction of 96.7% at $0.0418/kWh. Compared with the conventional usage of grid/diesel generator systems; energy cost savings of more than 88% and a return on investment of 41.3% with a present worth of $308,965 can be derived in less than 3 years. The optimally sized hybrid system would possibly help mitigate the rural-to-urban drift and resolve the electricity problems hindering the economic growth in Nigeria. Moreover, the hybrid system can alleviate CO2 emissions from other power generation sources to make the environment cleaner and more eco-friendly.
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