Size Optimization of a hybrid PV/Fuel Cell Grid-Connected Power System Integrating Hydrogen Storage

  • M. S. Okundamiya Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma
Keywords: Fuel cell, Hydrogen storage, Optimum sizing, Photovoltaic generator, Renewable energy harvesting

Abstract

This paper describes the size optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell grid-linked power system integrating hydrogen storage. The overall objective was the optimal sizing of a hybrid power system to satisfy the load demand of a university laboratory with an unreliable grid, low energy cost, and minimal carbon emissions. The aim is to shift from a grid-linked diesel power system to a clean and sustainable energy system. The optimum design architecture was established by adopting the energy-balance methods of HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewables). Analysis of hourly simulations was performed to decide the optimal size, cost, and performance of the hybrid system, using 22-year monthly averaged solar radiation data collected for Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (Lat. 6˚44.3ʹN, Long. 6˚4.8ʹE). The results showed that a hybrid system comprising a 54.7kW photovoltaic array, 7kW fuel cell system, 14kW power inverter, and 3kW electrolyzer with 8kg hydrogen storage tank, can sustainably augment the erratic grid with a very high renewable fraction of 96.7% at $0.0418/kWh. Compared with the conventional usage of grid/diesel generator systems; energy cost savings of more than 88% and a return on investment of 41.3% with a present worth of $308,965 can be derived in less than 3 years. The optimally sized hybrid system would possibly help mitigate the rural-to-urban drift and resolve the electricity problems hindering the economic growth in Nigeria. Moreover, the hybrid system can alleviate CO2 emissions from other power generation sources to make the environment cleaner and more eco-friendly.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

International Energy Outlook 2018. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=41433 (April 20, 2019).

M. S. Okundamiya, “Power electronics for grid integration of wind power generation system, Journal of Communication Technology, Electronic & Computer Science, vol. 9, pp. 10-16, 2016.

M. M. Samy, S. Barakat, H. S. Ramadan, “A flower pollination optimization algorithm for an off-grid PV-fuel cell hybrid renewable system, Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, pp. 2141-2152, 2019.

M. S. Okundamiya, O. Omorogiuwa, “Analysis of an isolated micro-grid for Nigerian terrain,” 59th Int’l Midwest Symposium on Circuits & System, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2016.

M. S. Okundamiya, J. O. Emagbetere, E. A. Ogujor, “Modeling and optimum capacity allocation of micro-grids considering economy and reliability,” Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic & Computer Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 55-61, 2017.

M. S. Okundamiya, J. O. Emagbetere, E. A. Ogujor, “Assessment of renewable energy technology and a case of sustainable energy in mobile telecommunication sector,” Scientific World Journal, 2014; doi: 10.1155/2014/947281.

M. S. Okundamiya, I. E. Okpamen, “A linear regression model for global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces at Warri, Nigeria,” Int’l Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 2, no. 3, pp.121-126, 2013.

M. S. Okundamiya, A. N. Nzeako, “Model for optimal sizing of a wind energy conversion system for green-mobile applications,” Int’l Journal of Green Energy, vol. 10, pp. 205–218, 2013.

C. Ghenai, M. Bettayeb, “Modeling and performance analysis of a stand-alone hybrid solar PV/fuel cell/diesel generator power system for university building. Energy,” vol. 171, pp. 180-189, 2019.

C. Ghenai, M. Bettayeb, “Grid-tied solar PV/fuel cell hybrid power system for university building,” Energy Proceedings, vol. 159, pp. 96–103, 2019.

C. Sun, S. Leto, “A novel joint bidding technique for fuel cell wind turbine photovoltaic storage unit and demand response considering prediction models analysis effect’s. Int’l J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, pp. 6823-6837, 2019.

M. S. Okundamiya, J. O. Emagbetere, E. A. Ogujor, “Design and control strategy for a hybrid green energy system for mobile telecommunication sites,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 257, pp. 335-343, 2014.

S Tang, H Honga, J Sunc, W. Qu, “Efficient path of distributed solar energy system synergetically combining photovoltaics with solar-syngas fuel cell,” Energy Conversion & Management, vol. 173, pp.704–714, 2018.

M. F. Ezzat, I. Dincer, “Development, analysis and assessment of fuel cell and photovoltaic powered vehicles,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, pp. 968-978, 2018.

A Bukar, C. W. Tan, “A review on stand-alone photovoltaic-wind energy system with fuel cell: System optimization and energy management strategy,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 221, pp. 73-88, 2019.

S. Singh, P. Chauhan, N. Singh, “Capacity optimization of grid connected solar/fuel cell energy system using hybrid ABC-PSO algorithm,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, pp. 10070-10088, 2019.

M. S. Okundamiya, V. O. Akpaida, B. E. Omatahunde, “Optimization of a hybrid energy system for reliable operation of automated teller machines,” Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering & Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 153-158, 2014.

M. S. Okundamiya, J. O. Emagbetere, E. A. Ogujor, “Evaluation of various global solar radiation models for Nigeria. Int J Green Energy,” vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 505–512, 2016.

M. S. Okundamiya, A. N. Nzeako, “Energy storage models for optimizing renewable power applications,” Journal of Electrical Power Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 54-65, 2010.

V. D. Dao, “Comment on “Energy storage via polyvinylidene fluoride dielectric on the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells” by Jiang et al.,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 337, pp. 125-129, 2017.

V. D. Dao, N. H. Vu, and S. Yun, “Recent advances and challenges for solar-driven water evaporation system toward applications,” Nano Energy, vol. 68, p. 104324, 2019.

V. D. Dao, N. D. Chien, W. Strek, “Enthusiastic discussions on solid physic and material science at SPMS2019,” Science & Technolgy Development Journal, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 490-498, 2019.

V. D. Dao, N. H. Vu, H. S. Choi, “All day limnobium laevigatum inspired nanogenerator self-driven via water evaporation,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 448, p. 227388, 2019.

M. S. Okundamiya, O. Omorogiuwa, “Viability of a photovoltaic diesel battery hybrid power system in Nigeria,” Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5-12, 2015.

M. Babayan, A. E. Mazraeh, M Yari, N. A. Niazi, S. C. Saha, “Hydrogen production with a photovoltaic thermal system enhanced by phase change materials, Shiraz, Iran case study,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 215, pp. 1262-1278, 2019.

M. Shaygan, M Ehyaei, A Ahmadi, M Assad, J. Silveira, “Energy, exergy, advanced exergy and economic analyses of hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and photovoltaic cells to produce hydrogen and electricity,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 234, pp. 1082-1093, 2019.

D. Zhang, K. Zeng, “Distributed energy systems based on water electrolysis driven by renewable electricity,” Chapter 40, Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, vol. 6, Yan J. (ed.), 699-710, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2015.

R. L. Borup, K. L. More, D. J. Myers, FC-PAD: Fuel cell performance and durability consortium update to USCAR analysis of Toyota Mirai components provided by USCAR Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, NM (United States), 2018.

I. Mustafa, T. Omer, “Review of fuel cells to grid interface: configurations, technical challenges and trends,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, pp. 1353-1370, 2019.

C. Priyanka, M. Rizwan, “Hybrid control approach for PV/FC fed voltage source converter tied to grid,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, pp. 6851-6866, 2018.

H. Yang, Q. Li, T. Wang, Y Qiu, W. Chen, “A dual mode distributed economic control for a fuel cell photovoltaic-battery hybrid power generation system based on marginal cost,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019; 44:25229-25239.

Y Han, W Chen, Q Li, H Yang, F Zare, Y. Zheng, “Two-level energy management strategy for PV-Fuel cell-battery-based DC microgrid,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, pp. 19395-19404, 2019.

S. Sadeghi, “Study using the flow battery in combination with solar panels and solid oxide fuel cell for power generation,” Solar Energy, vol. 170, pp. 732–740, 2018.

N. Bizon, A. Mazare, L. Ionescu, F. Enescu, “Optimization of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell hybrid power system for residential buildings,” Energy Conversion & Management, vol. 163, pp. 22–37, 2018.

N. Harrabi, M. Souissi, A. Aitouche, M. Chaabane, “Modeling and control of photovoltaic and fuel cell based alternative power systems,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, pp. 11442-11451, 2018.

I. Cervantes, M. Hernandez-Nochebuena, U Cano-Castillo, I. Araujo-Vargas, “A graphical approach to optimal power management for uncertain off-grid PV-FCelectrolyzer-battery hybrid systems,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, pp. 19336-19351, 2018.

Y. Budak, Y. Devrim, “Comparative study of PV/PEM fuel cell hybrid energy system based on methanol and water electrolysis,” Energy Conversion & Management, vol. 179, pp. 46–57, 2019.

O Krishan, S. Suhag, “Grid-independent PV system hybridization with fuel cell-battery/ super capacitor: Optimum sizing and comparative techno-economic analysis,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 37, p. 100625, 2019.

L. Bartolucci, S. Cordiner, V. Mulone, S. Pasquale, “Fuel cell based hybrid renewable energy systems for off-grid telecom stations: Data analysis and system optimization,” Applied Energy, vol. 252, p. 113386, 2019.

J. Liu, W. Luo, X Yang, L. Wu, “Robust model-based fault diagnosis for PEM fuel cell air-feed system,” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 3261-70, 2016.

A. Haddad, M Ramadan, M Khaled, H Ramadan, M. Becherif, “Study of hybrid energy system coupling fuel cell, solar thermal system and photovoltaic cell,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, pp. 13564-13574, 2019.

C Ghenai, T Salameh, A. Merabet, “Technico-economic analysis of off grid solar PV/fuel cell energy system for residential community in desert region,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, pp. 11460-11470, 2019.

H. Mehrjerdi, “Off-grid solar powered charging station for electric and hydrogen vehicles including fuel cell and hydrogen storage,” Int’l Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, pp. 11574-11583, 2019.

C. M. Das, A. Ghosh, “Fuel cell application to mitigate load ramping impacts of rooftop PV system installation,” Energy Proceeding, vol. 157, pp. 10–16, 2019.

S. M. Hussin, Z. Salam, M. P. Abdullah, N. Rosmin, D. M. Said, M. Rasid, “Future hybrid of photovoltaic and fuel cell for Langkawi SkyCab,” Journal of Electronic, Science & Technology, vol. 17, p. 100016, 2019.

M. S. Okundamiya, J. O. Emagbetere, E. A. Ogujor, “Techno-economic analysis of a grid-connected hybrid energy system for developing regions,” Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 243–254, 2015.

https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/best-price-power-210w-solar-panel.html (April 20, 2019)

Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
Okundamiya, M. S. (2019). Size Optimization of a hybrid PV/Fuel Cell Grid-Connected Power System Integrating Hydrogen Storage. Advances in Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering (AETE) ISSN: 2636-7416, 2(2), 98-108. Retrieved from http://sciengtexopen.org/index.php/aete/article/view/25
Section
Articles